Appendix II

CP/M Plus character sets

CP/M Plus on the Spectrum +3 supports a character set of 256 characters. The complete list of these characters is given in Section II.1.

Each character is known to the Spectrum by a code, usually represented as a decimal number between 0 and 255. The character set is provided in eight different 'language' variants and the specific assignment of numbers to characters depends on the 'nationality' of the character set that is being used. In each case, the Spectrum's codes form an extended version fo the industry standard ASCII character set.

The character set normally in use on the Spectrum is the American version of the CP/M character set (Language 0). When using a program or a data file set up under a different national language variant of CP/M, you may have to change the character set on the Spectrum to match. Part I, Section 4.5 describes how this is done.

While it is possible to display all 256 characters on the screen and to process them when they are held in a file, it is not possible to type every character at the keyboard and it may not be possible to print every character on your printer.

The range of characters that can be typed at any time depends on the details of the codes that the keyboard is currently set up to produce. The Spectrum keyboard is normally set up to produce the most commonly-used of these characters (about 120 characters in all). Forty-seven of these characters require just a single 'Character' key to be pressd. The rest are formed by pressing +key, +key, or +key or + +key.

The key combinations are listed in Section II.2. Other key combinations produce CP/M control codes.

The set of characters that can be typed can readily be altered. How this is done is described in Part I, Section 4.6.

Note: Some application programs will misinterpret any character with an internal hexadecimal value greater than #7F. These characters shouldn't be used with such programs. These problems will particularly affect those wishing to use accented characters in producing foreign language texts.

II.1 The complete character set (Language 0)

Dec value	Hex value	Symbol	Description	Alternative meaning	Special name
`0`	`#00`		Infinity	Control-@	`NUL`
`1`	`#01`		Arrow out of page	Control-A	`SOH`
`2`	`#02`		Upper case gamma	Control-B	`STX`
`3`	`#03`		Upper case delta	Control-C	`ETX`
`4`	`#04`		Arrow into page	Control-D	`EOT`
`5`	`#05`	×	Multiply	Control-E	`ENQ`
`6`	`#06`	÷	Divide	Control-F	`ACK`
`7`	`#07`		Therefore	Control-G	`BEL`
`8`	`#08`		Upper case pi	Control-H	`BS`
`9`	`#09`		Down pointing arrow	Control-I	`HT`
`10`	`#0A`		Upper case sigma	Control-J	`LF`
`11`	`#0B`		Left pointing arrow	Control-K	`VT`
`12`	`#0C`		Right pointing arrow	Control-L	`FF`
`13`	`#0D`	ą	Plus or minus	Control-M	`CR`
`14`	`#0E`		Arrow pointing lt and rt	Control-N	`SO`
`15`	`#0F`		Upper case omega	Control-O	`SI`
`16`	`#10`		Lower case alpha	Control-P	`DLE`
`17`	`#11`		Lower case beta	Control-Q	`DC1`
`18`	`#12`		Lower case gamma	Control-R	`DC2`
`19`	`#13`		Lower case delta	Control-S	`DC3`
`20`	`#14`		Lower case epsilon	Control-T	`DC4`
`21`	`#15`		Lower case theta	Control-U	`NAK`
`22`	`#16`		Lower case lambda	Control-V	`SYN`
`23`	`#17`		Lower case mu	Control-W	`ETB`
`24`	`#18`		Lower case pi	Control-X	`CAN`
`25`	`#19`		Lower case rho	Control-Y	`EM`
`26`	`#1A`		Lower case sigma	Control-Z	`SUB`
`27`	`#1B`		Lower case tau	Control-[	`ESC`
`28`	`#1C`		Lower case phi	Control-\	`FS`
`29`	`#1D`		Lower case chi	Control-]	`GS`
`30`	`#1E`		Lower case psi	Control-^	`RS`
`31`	`#1F`		Lower case omega	Control-_	`US`
`32`	`#20`		Space
`33`	`#21`	!	Exclamation mark
`34`	`#22`	"	Double quote
`35`	`#23`	#	Hash
`36`	`#24`	$	Dollar sign
`37`	`#25`	%	Percent
`38`	`#26`	&	Ampersand
`39`	`#27`	'	Apostrophe
`40`	`#28`	(	Open parenthesis
`41`	`#29`	)	Close parenthesis
`42`	`#2A`	*	Asterisk
`43`	`#2B`	+	Plus
`44`	`#2C`	,	Comma
`45`	`#2D`	-	Minus
`46`	`#2E`	.	Full stop
`47`	`#2F`	/	Slash
`48`	`#30`	0	Zero
`49`	`#31`	1	One
`50`	`#32`	2	Two
`51`	`#33`	3	Three
`52`	`#34`	4	Four
`53`	`#35`	5	Five
`54`	`#36`	6	Six
`55`	`#37`	7	Seven
`56`	`#38`	8	Eight
`57`	`#39`	9	Nine
`58`	`#3A`	:	Colon
`59`	`#3B`	;	Semicolon
`60`	`#3C`	<	Less than sign
`61`	`#3D`	=	Equals
`62`	`#3E`	>	Greater than sign
`63`	`#3F`	?	Question Mark
`64`	`#40`	@	At
`65`	`#41`	A	Upper case A
`66`	`#42`	B	Upper case B
`67`	`#43`	C	Upper case C
`68`	`#44`	D	Upper case D
`69`	`#45`	E	Upper case E
`70`	`#46`	F	Upper case F
`71`	`#47`	G	Upper case G
`72`	`#48`	H	Upper case H
`73`	`#49`	I	Upper case I
`74`	`#4A`	J	Upper case J
`75`	`#4B`	K	Upper case K
`76`	`#4C`	L	Upper case L
`77`	`#4D`	M	Upper case M
`78`	`#4E`	N	Upper case N
`79`	`#4F`	O	Upper case O
`80`	`#50`	P	Upper case P
`81`	`#51`	Q	Upper case Q
`82`	`#52`	R	Upper case R
`83`	`#53`	S	Upper case S
`84`	`#54`	T	Upper case T
`85`	`#55`	U	Upper case U
`86`	`#56`	V	Upper case V
`87`	`#57`	W	Upper case W
`88`	`#58`	X	Upper case X
`89`	`#59`	Y	Upper case Y
`90`	`#5A`	Z	Upper case Z
`91`	`#5B`	[	Open square bracket
`92`	`#5C`	\	Backslash
`93`	`#5D`	]	Close square bracket
`94`	`#5E`		Up arrow
`95`	`#5F`	_	Upper case _
`96`	`#60`	`	Upper case `
`97`	`#61`	a	Lower case a
`98`	`#62`	b	Lower case b
`99`	`#63`	c	Lower case c
`100`	`#64`	d	Lower case d
`101`	`#65`	e	Lower case e
`102`	`#66`	f	Lower case f
`103`	`#67`	g	Lower case g
`104`	`#68`	h	Lower case h
`105`	`#69`	i	Lower case i
`106`	`#6A`	j	Lower case j
`107`	`#6B`	k	Lower case k
`108`	`#6C`	l	Lower case l
`109`	`#6D`	m	Lower case m
`110`	`#6E`	n	Lower case n
`111`	`#6F`	o	Lower case o
`112`	`#70`	p	Lower case p
`113`	`#71`	q	Lower case q
`114`	`#72`	r	Lower case r
`115`	`#73`	s	Lower case s
`116`	`#74`	t	Lower case t
`117`	`#75`	u	Lower case u
`118`	`#76`	v	Lower case v
`119`	`#77`	w	Lower case w
`120`	`#78`	x	Lower case x
`121`	`#79`	y	Lower case y
`122`	`#7A`	z	Lower case z
`123`	`#7B`	{	Open curly bracket
`124`	`#7C`	\|	Vertical bar
`125`	`#7D`	}	Close curly bracket
`126`	`#7E`	~	Tilde
`127`	`#7F`	0	Zero without a slash	`DEL`
`128`..`159`	`#80`..`#9F`		Line graphics	Expansion tokens

`160`	`#A0`	Ş	Feminine ordinal
`161`	`#A1`	ş	Masculine ordinal
`162`	`#A2`	°	Degree
`163`	`#A3`	Ł	Pound sign
`164`	`#A4`	Š	Copyright
`165`	`#A5`	ś	Paragraph sign
`166`	`#A6`	§	Section
`167`	`#A7`		Dagger
`168`	`#A8`	ź	One quarter
`169`	`#A9`	˝	Half
`170`	`#AA`	ž	Three quarters
`171`	`#AB`	Ť	Open quotes (Fr.)
`172`	`#AC`	ť	Close quotes (Fr.)
`173`	`#AD`	Pt	Pesata
`174`	`#AE`	ż	Inverted question mark
`175`	`#AF`	Ą	Inverted exclamation mark
`176`	`#B0`	f	Florin
`177`	`#B1`	˘	Cent
`178`	`#B2`	¨	Umlaut
`179`	`#B3`	´	Acute accent
`180`	`#B4`	^	Circumflex
`181`	`#B5`		Per thousand
`182`	`#B6`	¹/₈	One eighth
`183`	`#B7`	³/₈	Three eighths
`184`	`#B8`	⁵/₈	Five eighths
`185`	`#B9`	⁷/₈	Seven eighths
`186`	`#BA`	ß	German Scharfes S
`187`	`#BB`		Open circle
`188`	`#BC`		Bullet
`189`	`#BD`	Ľ	Yen
`190`	`#BE`	Ž	Registered
`191`	`#BF`	^TM	Trade mark
`192`	`#C0`	Á	Upper case A acute
`193`	`#C1`	É	Upper case E acute
`194`	`#C2`	Í	Upper case I acute
`195`	`#C3`	Ó	Upper case O acute
`196`	`#C4`	Ú	Upper case U acute
`197`	`#C5`	Â	Upper case A circumflex
`198`	`#C6`	Ę	Upper case E circumflex
`199`	`#C7`	Î	Upper case I circumflex
`200`	`#C8`	Ô	Upper case O circumflex
`201`	`#C9`	Ű	Upper case U circumflex
`202`	`#CA`	Ŕ	Upper case A grave
`203`	`#CB`	Č	Upper case E grave
`204`	`#CC`	Ě	Upper case I grave
`205`	`#CD`	Ň	Upper case O grave
`206`	`#CE`	Ů	Upper case U grave
`207`	`#CF`		Upper case Y umlaut
`208`	`#D0`	Ä	Upper case A umlaut
`209`	`#D1`	Ë	Upper case E umlaut
`210`	`#D2`	Ď	Upper case I umlaut
`211`	`#D3`	Ö	Upper case O umlaut
`212`	`#D4`	Ü	Upper case U umlaut
`213`	`#D5`	Ç	Upper case C cedilla
`214`	`#D6`	Ć	Upper case diphthong
`215`	`#D7`	Ĺ	Upper case A ring
`216`	`#D8`	Ř	Upper case O slash
`217`	`#D9`	Ń	Upper case N tilde
`218`	`#DA`	Ă	Upper case A tilde
`219`	`#DB`	Ő	Upper case O tilde
`220`	`#DC`		Greater than or equal
`221`	`#DD`		Less than or equal
`222`	`#DE`		Not equal
`223`	`#DF`		Approximately equal
`224`	`#E0`	á	Lower case A acute
`225`	`#E1`	é	Lower case E acute
`226`	`#E2`	í	Lower case I acute
`227`	`#E3`	ó	Lower case O acute
`228`	`#E4`	ú	Lower case U acute
`229`	`#E5`	â	Lower case A circumflex
`230`	`#E6`	ę	Lower case E circumflex
`231`	`#E7`	î	Lower case I circumflex
`232`	`#E8`	ô	Lower case O circumflex
`233`	`#E9`	ű	Lower case U circumflex
`234`	`#EA`	ŕ	Lower case A grave
`235`	`#EB`	č	Lower case E grave
`236`	`#EC`	ě	Lower case I grave
`237`	`#ED`	ň	Lower case O grave
`238`	`#EE`	ů	Lower case U grave
`239`	`#EF`	˙	Lower case U grave
`240`	`#F0`	ä	Lower case A umlaut
`241`	`#F1`	ë	Lower case E umlaut
`242`	`#F2`	ď	Lower case I umlaut
`243`	`#F3`	ö	Lower case O umlaut
`244`	`#F4`	ü	Lower case U umlaut
`245`	`#F5`	ç	Lower case C cedilla
`246`	`#F6`	ć	Lower case diphthong
`247`	`#F7`	ĺ	Lower case A ring
`248`	`#F8`	ř	Lower case O slash
`249`	`#F9`	ń	Lower case N tilde
`250`	`#FA`	ă	Lower case A tilde
`251`	`#FB`	ő	Lower case O tilde
`252`	`#FC`		Double shafted arrow pointing right
`253`	`#FD`		Double shafted arrow pointing left
`254`	`#FE`		Double shafted arrow left+right
`255`	`#FF`		Equivalent

II.2 The standard CP/M keyboard

II.2.1 The Character keys

The following show the standard layout of the keyboard on Spectrum +3. The range of characters that can be typed and the keystrokes used to produce characters already on the keyboard can be changed using SETKEYS. This is described in Part I, Section 4.6.

Normal keyboard

#83
^S

#84
^I

#8A
^[

#80
DEL

#89
^G

Extend mode

#81
^W

Enter

Caps Shift

#82

Caps shift

Symb
Shift

;

#85
^A

#88
^F

#87
^_

#88
^^

Symb
Shift

Keyboard with Caps Shift

#83
^S

#84
^I

#81
^W

#82

#83
^S

#84
^I

#85
^A

#86
^^

#87
^_

#88
^F

#89
^G

#80
DEL

#8A
^[

#80
DEL

#89
^G

Extend mode

#81
^W

Enter

Caps Shift

#82

Caps shift

Symb
Shift

#85
^A

#88
^F

#87
^_

#88
^^

Symb
Shift

Keyboard with Symbol Shift

#8B
^Q

(

)

DEL

[

]

;

Extend mode

{

}

Enter

Caps Shift

Caps shift

Symb
Shift

;

Symb
Shift

Keyboard with Extend mode

#8B
^Q

DEL

Extend mode

Enter

Caps Shift

Caps shift

Symb
Shift

II.2.2 The Function and other special keys

The following table lists Control codes that the function keys and other special keys on the Spectrum +3 are automatically set up to produce. These settings are designed to aid your use of CP/M commands and Mallard BASIC. The ways in which these keys can be made to give different facilities is described in Part I, Section 4.6.

Token Control string Key combination

#80 DEL or + 0

#81 Control-W or + 1

#82 (No string) + 2

#83 Control-S or + 3

#84 Control-I or + 4

#85 Control-A or + 5

#86 Control-^ or + 6

#87 Control-_ or + 7

#88 Control-F or + 8

#89 Control-G or + 9

#8A Control-[ or +

#8B Control-Q + or + 3

Token	Control string	Key combination
#80	DEL	or `+ 0`
#81	Control-W	or `+ 1`
#82	(No string)	`+ 2`
#83	Control-S	or `+ 3`
#84	Control-I	or `+ 4`
#85	Control-A	or `+ 5`
#86	Control-^	or `+ 6`
#87	Control-_	or `+ 7`
#88	Control-F	or `+ 8`
#89	Control-G	or `+ 9`
#8A	Control-[	or `+`
#8B	Control-Q	`+` or `+ 3`

Appendix I

Index

Appendix III